License to Carry - Revision history

Sysop: /* K-12 school zones, Schools and colleges */

2024-09-06T23:59:21Z

K-12 school zones, Schools and colleges

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:59, 6 September 2024
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	(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:		(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:

	===K-12 school zones, ~~Schools~~ and colleges===		===K-12 school zones, schools and colleges===
	PC26230(a)(1): A place prohibited by Section 626.9.		PC26230(a)(1): A place prohibited by Section 626.9.

Sysop: /* Schools and colleges */

2024-09-06T23:59:03Z

Schools and colleges

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:59, 6 September 2024
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	(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:		(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:

	===Schools and colleges===		===K-12 school zones, Schools and colleges===
	PC26230(a)(1): A place prohibited by Section 626.9.		PC26230(a)(1): A place prohibited by Section 626.9.

			PC626.9(e)(4): “School zone” means an area in, or on the grounds of, a public or private school providing instruction in kindergarten or grades 1 to 12, inclusive, or within a distance of 1,000 feet from the grounds of the public or private school.

			PC626.9(i): Notwithstanding Section 25605, any person who brings or possesses a firearm upon the grounds of a campus of, or buildings owned or operated for student housing, teaching, research, or administration by, a public or private university or college, that are contiguous or are clearly marked university property, unless it is with the written permission of the university or college president, their designee, or equivalent university or college authority"

	===Preschools and child care facilities===		===Preschools and child care facilities===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:44:58Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:44, 6 September 2024
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	Wolford v. Lopez (9th Cir. 2024)		Wolford v. Lopez (9th Cir. 2024)


	~~They are also PRELIMINARILY RESTRAINED AND ENJOINED from implementing or enforcing California Penal Code § 26230 as it pertains to parking areas.~~

	(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:		(a) A person granted a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person pursuant to Section 26150, 26155, or 26170 shall not carry a firearm on or into any of the following:
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	(29) Any other place or area prohibited by local law.		(29) Any other place or area prohibited by local law.

			===Parking lots===
			"They are also PRELIMINARILY RESTRAINED AND ENJOINED from implementing or enforcing California Penal Code § 26230 as it pertains to parking areas."


	(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), except under paragraph (21) or (28) of subdivision (a), a licensee may transport a firearm and ammunition within their vehicle so long as the firearm is locked in a lock box, as defined in subdivision (y) of Section 4082 and subdivision (b) of Section 4094 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, and the lock box is a firearm safety device, as defined in Section 16540, that is listed on the department’s Roster of Firearm Safety Devices Certified for Sale pursuant to Sections 23650 and 23655. Nothing in this subdivision is intended to preempt local laws placing more restrictive requirements upon the storage of firearms in vehicles.		(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), except under paragraph (21) or (28) of subdivision (a), a licensee may transport a firearm and ammunition within their vehicle so long as the firearm is locked in a lock box, as defined in subdivision (y) of Section 4082 and subdivision (b) of Section 4094 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, and the lock box is a firearm safety device, as defined in Section 16540, that is listed on the department’s Roster of Firearm Safety Devices Certified for Sale pursuant to Sections 23650 and 23655. Nothing in this subdivision is intended to preempt local laws placing more restrictive requirements upon the storage of firearms in vehicles.

	(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), except under paragraph (21) or (28) of subdivision (a), a licensee prohibited from carrying a concealed firearm into the parking area of a prohibited location specified in subdivision (a) shall be allowed to:		(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), except under paragraph (21) or (28) of subdivision (a), a licensee prohibited from carrying a concealed firearm into the parking area of a prohibited location specified in subdivision (a) shall be allowed to:

	(1) Transport a concealed firearm or ammunition within a vehicle into or out of the parking area so long as the firearm is locked in a lock box.		(1) Transport a concealed firearm or ammunition within a vehicle into or out of the parking area so long as the firearm is locked in a lock box.

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	(3) Transport a concealed firearm in the immediate area surrounding their vehicle within a prohibited parking lot area only for the limited purpose of storing or retrieving a firearm within a locked lock box in the vehicle’s trunk or other place inside the vehicle that is out of plain view.		(3) Transport a concealed firearm in the immediate area surrounding their vehicle within a prohibited parking lot area only for the limited purpose of storing or retrieving a firearm within a locked lock box in the vehicle’s trunk or other place inside the vehicle that is out of plain view.




	(d) For purposes of subdivision (c), a lock box is an item as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 4082 and subdivision (y) of Section 4094 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, which is a firearm safety device, as defined in Section 16540, that is listed on the Department’s Roster of Firearm Safety Devices Certified for Sale pursuant to Sections 23650 and 23655.		(d) For purposes of subdivision (c), a lock box is an item as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 4082 and subdivision (y) of Section 4094 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, which is a firearm safety device, as defined in Section 16540, that is listed on the Department’s Roster of Firearm Safety Devices Certified for Sale pursuant to Sections 23650 and 23655.

	(e) Except in the places specified in paragraph (14) of subdivision (a), a licensee shall not be in violation of this section while they are traveling along a public right-of-way that touches or crosses any of the premises identified in subdivision (a) if the concealed firearm is carried on their person in accordance with the provisions of this act or is being transported in a vehicle by the licensee in accordance with all other applicable provisions of law. Nothing in this section allows a person to loiter or remain in a place longer than necessary to complete their travel.		(e) Except in the places specified in paragraph (14) of subdivision (a), a licensee shall not be in violation of this section while they are traveling along a public right-of-way that touches or crosses any of the premises identified in subdivision (a) if the concealed firearm is carried on their person in accordance with the provisions of this act or is being transported in a vehicle by the licensee in accordance with all other applicable provisions of law. Nothing in this section allows a person to loiter or remain in a place longer than necessary to complete their travel.

	(f) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the carrying of a firearm where it is otherwise expressly authorized by law.		(f) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the carrying of a firearm where it is otherwise expressly authorized by law.

Sysop: /* Public transit but enjoined */

2024-09-06T23:29:55Z

Public transit but enjoined

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:29, 6 September 2024
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	===Public transit but enjoined===		===Public transit but enjoined===
	PC26230(a)(8): A bus, train, or other form of transportation paid for in whole or in part with public funds, and a building, real property, or parking area under the control of a transportation authority supported in whole or in part with public funds.		PC26230(a)(8): A bus, train, or other form of transportation paid for in whole or in part with public funds, and a building, real property, or parking area under the control of a transportation authority supported in whole or in part with public funds.

			"In the California cases, the district court held that Plaintiffs are likely to prevail on their challenge to California Penal Code section 26230(a)(8), which prohibits carry in “[a] bus, train, or other form of transportation paid for in whole or in part with public funds, and a building, real property, or parking area under the control of a transportation authority supported in whole or in part with public funds.” Unlike other parts of the law, section 26230(a)(8) contains no exceptions for carrying an unloaded and secured firearm. Because the ban is categorical, we agree with the district court that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed on this challenge."

	===Anywhere alcohol is sold===		===Anywhere alcohol is sold===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:28:13Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:28, 6 September 2024
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	===Hospitals and medical offices, but enjoined===		===Hospitals and medical offices, but enjoined===
	PC26230(a)(7) A building, real property, and parking area under the control of a public or private hospital or hospital affiliate, mental health facility, nursing home, medical office, urgent care facility, or other place at which medical services are customarily provided.		PC26230(a)(7) A building, real property, and parking area under the control of a public or private hospital or hospital affiliate, mental health facility, nursing home, medical office, urgent care facility, or other place at which medical services are customarily provided.

			"In the California cases, the district court held that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed in their challenges to
			California Penal Code section 26230(a)(7), which prohibits carry in “[a] building, real property, and parking area under the control of a public or private hospital or hospital affiliate, mental health facility, nursing home, medical office, urgent care facility, or other place at which medical services are customarily provided.” We agree with the district court."

	===Public transit but enjoined===		===Public transit but enjoined===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:27:05Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 6 September 2024
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	"Our conclusion that places that serve alcohol fall within the national historical tradition of prohibiting firearms at sensitive places comports with the only other circuit decision to have reached the issue. In Antonyuk, the Second Circuit held that the plaintiffs were unlikely to succeed in a challenge to New York’s law that prohibits firearms at places with a liquor license. 89 F.4th at 365–69"		"Our conclusion that places that serve alcohol fall within the national historical tradition of prohibiting firearms at sensitive places comports with the only other circuit decision to have reached the issue. In Antonyuk, the Second Circuit held that the plaintiffs were unlikely to succeed in a challenge to New York’s law that prohibits firearms at places with a liquor license. 89 F.4th at 365–69"


	"SB2 prohibits law-abiding, responsible, ordinary citizens from carrying a firearm for self-defense even to a small, uncrowded restaurant if that restaurant sells wine to drink at the table. This affects a person’s everyday life, not just their attendance at special events. "		"SB2 prohibits law-abiding, responsible, ordinary citizens from carrying a firearm for self-defense even to a small, uncrowded restaurant if that restaurant sells wine to drink at the table. This affects a person’s everyday life, not just their attendance at special events. "
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	===Public gatherings and special events but enjoined===		===Public gatherings and special events but enjoined===
	PC26230(a)(10): A public gathering or special event conducted on property open to the public that requires the issuance of a permit from a federal, state, or local government and sidewalk or street immediately adjacent to the public gathering or special event but is not more than 1,000 feet from the event or gathering, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through a public gathering in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.		PC26230(a)(10): A public gathering or special event conducted on property open to the public that requires the issuance of a permit from a federal, state, or local government and sidewalk or street immediately adjacent to the public gathering or special event but is not more than 1,000 feet from the event or gathering, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through a public gathering in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.

			"Defendant does not argue that there is a national tradition of banning firearms specifically at permitted public gatherings. Instead, Defendant argues that there is a national tradition of banning firearms at public gatherings in general and, because permitted gatherings are a subset of all public gatherings, the challenged provision falls within the tradition. We agree with the district court that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed."

	===Playgrounds and youth centers===		===Playgrounds and youth centers===
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	Department of Fish and Wildlife.” May, 2023 WL 8946212, at 12–13. We see no reason why the analysis with respect to parks does not apply equally to those places as well, and		Department of Fish and Wildlife.” May, 2023 WL 8946212, at 12–13. We see no reason why the analysis with respect to parks does not apply equally to those places as well, and
	Plaintiffs have not argued on appeal that those places differ meaningfully from parks. We therefore hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to succeed in their challenges with respect to athletic areas, athletic facilities, and real property controlled by the specified agencies."		Plaintiffs have not argued on appeal that those places differ meaningfully from parks. We therefore hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to succeed in their challenges with respect to athletic areas, athletic facilities, and real property controlled by the specified agencies."


	===College-owned grounds===		===College-owned grounds===
	PC26230(a)(14): Any area under the control of a public or private community college, college, or university, including, but not limited to, buildings, classrooms, laboratories, medical clinics, hospitals, artistic venues, athletic fields or venues, entertainment venues, officially recognized university-related organization properties, whether owned or leased, and any real property, including parking areas, sidewalks, and common areas.		PC26230(a)(14): Any area under the control of a public or private community college, college, or university, including, but not limited to, buildings, classrooms, laboratories, medical clinics, hospitals, artistic venues, athletic fields or venues, entertainment venues, officially recognized university-related organization properties, whether owned or leased, and any real property, including parking areas, sidewalks, and common areas.

	===Casinos ~~but enjoined~~===		===Casinos===
	PC26230(a)(15): A building, real property, or parking area that is or would be used for gambling or gaming of any kind whatsoever, including, but not limited to, casinos, gambling establishments, gaming clubs, bingo operations, facilities licensed by the California Horse Racing Board, or a facility wherein banked or percentage games, any form of gambling device, or lotteries, other than the California State Lottery, are or will be played.		PC26230(a)(15): A building, real property, or parking area that is or would be used for gambling or gaming of any kind whatsoever, including, but not limited to, casinos, gambling establishments, gaming clubs, bingo operations, facilities licensed by the California Horse Racing Board, or a facility wherein banked or percentage games, any form of gambling device, or lotteries, other than the California State Lottery, are or will be played.

	===Stadiums and sports arenas ~~but enjoined~~===		Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In sum, we hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to prevail in challenging California’s law with respect to casinos, stadiums, amusement parks, zoos, museums, and libraries. "

			===Stadiums and sports arenas===
	PC26230(a)(16) A stadium, arena, or the real property or parking area under the control of a stadium, arena, or a collegiate or professional sporting or eSporting event.		PC26230(a)(16) A stadium, arena, or the real property or parking area under the control of a stadium, arena, or a collegiate or professional sporting or eSporting event.

	===Public Libraries ~~but enjoined~~===		Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In sum, we hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to prevail in challenging California’s law with respect to casinos, stadiums, amusement parks, zoos, museums, and libraries. "

			===Public Libraries===
	PC26230(a)(17): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of a public library.		PC26230(a)(17): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of a public library.

			Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In sum, we hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to prevail in challenging California’s law with respect to casinos, stadiums, amusement parks, zoos, museums, and libraries. "


	===Airports and cruise piers===		===Airports and cruise piers===
	PC26230(a)(18): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of an airport or passenger vessel terminal, as those terms are defined in subdivision (a) of Section 171.5.		PC26230(a)(18): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of an airport or passenger vessel terminal, as those terms are defined in subdivision (a) of Section 171.5.

	===Amusement parks ~~but enjoined~~===		===Amusement parks===
	PC26230(a)(19): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of an amusement park.		PC26230(a)(19): A building, real property, or parking area under the control of an amusement park.

	===Zoos and museums ~~but enjoined~~===		Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In sum, we hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to prevail in challenging California’s law with respect to casinos, stadiums, amusement parks, zoos, museums, and libraries. "


			===Zoos and museums===
	PC26230(a)(20) A building, real property, or parking area under the control of a zoo or museum.		PC26230(a)(20) A building, real property, or parking area under the control of a zoo or museum.

			Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In sum, we hold that Plaintiffs are unlikely to prevail in challenging California’s law with respect to casinos, stadiums, amusement parks, zoos, museums, and libraries. "

	===Nuclear facilities===		===Nuclear facilities===
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	===Places of worship but enjoined===		===Places of worship but enjoined===
	PC26230(a)(22) A church, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship, including in any parking area immediately adjacent thereto, unless the operator of the place of worship clearly and conspicuously posts a sign at the entrance of the building or on the premises indicating that licenseholders are permitted to carry firearms on the property. Signs shall be of a uniform design as prescribed by the Department of Justice and shall be at least four inches by six inches in size.		PC26230(a)(22) A church, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship, including in any parking area immediately adjacent thereto, unless the operator of the place of worship clearly and conspicuously posts a sign at the entrance of the building or on the premises indicating that licenseholders are permitted to carry firearms on the property. Signs shall be of a uniform design as prescribed by the Department of Justice and shall be at least four inches by six inches in size.

			"In the California cases, the district court held that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed in challenging California Penal Code section 26230(a)(22), which prohibits the carry
			of firearms at places of worship. Although the issue is a close one, we agree with the district court’s conclusion in this regard."

	===Banks but enjoined===		===Banks but enjoined===
	PC26230(a)(23) A financial institution or parking area under the control of a financial institution.		PC26230(a)(23) A financial institution or parking area under the control of a financial institution.

			"In both the Hawaii case and the California cases, the district courts held that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed in challenging the relevant provisions of state law that prohibit the carry of firearms in financial institutions such as banks: Hawaii Revised Statutes section 134-9.1(a)(12) and
			California Penal Code section 26230(a)(23). We agree with the district courts."

	===Police stations===		===Police stations===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:20:41Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:20, 6 September 2024
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	PC26230(a)(8): A bus, train, or other form of transportation paid for in whole or in part with public funds, and a building, real property, or parking area under the control of a transportation authority supported in whole or in part with public funds.		PC26230(a)(8): A bus, train, or other form of transportation paid for in whole or in part with public funds, and a building, real property, or parking area under the control of a transportation authority supported in whole or in part with public funds.

	===Anywhere alcohol is sold ~~but enjoined~~===		===Anywhere alcohol is sold===
	PC26230(a)(9): A building, real property, and parking area under the control of a vendor or an establishment where intoxicating liquor is sold for consumption on the premises.		PC26230(a)(9): A building, real property, and parking area under the control of a vendor or an establishment where intoxicating liquor is sold for consumption on the premises.

	Bars and restaurants. Doesn't have to be primary business.		Bars and restaurants. Doesn't have to be primary business.

	"SB2 prohibits law-abiding, responsible, ordinary citizens from carrying a firearm for self-defense even to a small, uncrowded restaurant if that restaurant sells wine to drink at the table. This affects a person’s everyday life, not just their attendance at special events. "		Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"Our conclusion that places that serve alcohol fall within the national historical tradition of prohibiting firearms at sensitive places comports with the only other circuit decision to have reached the issue. In Antonyuk, the Second Circuit held that the plaintiffs were unlikely to succeed in a challenge to New York’s law that prohibits firearms at places with a liquor license. 89 F.4th at 365–69"


			"SB2 prohibits law-abiding, responsible, ordinary citizens from carrying a firearm for self-defense even to a small, uncrowded restaurant if that restaurant sells wine to drink at the table. This affects a person’s everyday life, not just their attendance at special events. "

	===Public gatherings and special events but enjoined===		===Public gatherings and special events but enjoined===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:18:27Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:18, 6 September 2024
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	PC26230(a)(10): A public gathering or special event conducted on property open to the public that requires the issuance of a permit from a federal, state, or local government and sidewalk or street immediately adjacent to the public gathering or special event but is not more than 1,000 feet from the event or gathering, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through a public gathering in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.		PC26230(a)(10): A public gathering or special event conducted on property open to the public that requires the issuance of a permit from a federal, state, or local government and sidewalk or street immediately adjacent to the public gathering or special event but is not more than 1,000 feet from the event or gathering, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through a public gathering in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.

	===Playgrounds and youth centers ~~but enjoined~~===		===Playgrounds and youth centers===
	PC26230(a)(11): A playground or public or private youth center, as defined in Section 626.95, and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to the playground or youth center.		PC26230(a)(11): A playground or public or private youth center, as defined in Section 626.95, and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to the playground or youth center.

			Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"In the California cases, the district court held that Plaintiffs are likely to succeed in their challenge to California Penal Code section 26230(a)(11), which prohibits carry in “[a] playground or public or private youth center, as defined in Section 626.95, and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to the playground or youth center.”
			Except for the district court in this case, every court has rejected the argument that firearms must be allowed on playgrounds. Antonyuk v. Hochul, 639 F. Supp. 3d 232, 324
			(N.D.N.Y. 2022) (unchallenged on appeal), aff’d in part, vacated in part, and remanded sub nom. Antonyuk v. Chiumento, 89 F.4th 271, 293; Koons, 673 F. Supp. 3d at 639; Siegel v. Platkin, 653 F. Supp. 3d 136, 152 (D.N.J. 2023); We the Patriots USA, Inc. v. Grisham, No. 1:23-cv00773-DHU-LF, 2023 WL 6377288, at *3 (D.N.M. Sept. 29, 2023). Those other decisions are persuasive."

	===Parks and gyms===		===Parks and gyms===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:16:13Z

Sensitive places

@@ Line 230: / Line 230: @@
 Supp. 3d at 585–88.  Contra Koons v. Platkin, 673 F. Supp. 3d 515, 639–42 (D.N.J. 2023), appeal filed, No. 23-2043 (3d  Cir. June 9, 2023); Springer v. Grisham, No. 1:23-cv-00781 KWR/LF, 2023 WL 8436312, at *5–*8 (D.N.M. Dec. 5, 2023), appeals filed, No. 23-2192 (10th Cir. Dec. 11, 2023) and No. 23-2194 (10th Cir. Dec. 15, 2023).
-===Parks and Rec property and Fish and Wildlife property but enjoined===
+"In the California cases, in addition to holding that  Plaintiffs are likely to succeed with respect to parks  specifically, the district court reached the same conclusion  as to three separate park-like areas:  “athletic areas,”  “athletic facilities,” and most real property “under the  control of the Department of Parks and Recreation or
 PC26230(a)(13) Real property under the control of the Department of Parks and Recreation or Department of Fish and Wildlife, except those areas designated for hunting pursuant to Section 5003.1 of the Public Resources Code, Section 4501 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, or any other designated public hunting area, public shooting ground, or building where firearm possession is permitted by applicable law.
 ===College-owned grounds===

Sysop: /* Sensitive places */

2024-09-06T23:12:44Z

Sensitive places

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:12, 6 September 2024
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	PC26230(a)(11): A playground or public or private youth center, as defined in Section 626.95, and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to the playground or youth center.		PC26230(a)(11): A playground or public or private youth center, as defined in Section 626.95, and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to the playground or youth center.

	===Parks and gyms ~~but enjoined~~===		===Parks and gyms===
	PC26230(a)(12): A park, athletic area, or athletic facility that is open to the public and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to those areas, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through such a place in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.		PC26230(a)(12): A park, athletic area, or athletic facility that is open to the public and a street or sidewalk immediately adjacent to those areas, provided this prohibition shall not apply to a licensee who must walk through such a place in order to access their residence, place of business, or vehicle.

			Enjoined by preliminary injunction at trial court, but upheld by 9th Circuit.

			"Because many laws prohibited carrying firearms in parks, and the constitutionality of those laws was not in dispute, we agree with the Second Circuit and several district
			courts that the Nation’s historical tradition includes regulating firearms in parks. Antonyuk, 89 F.4th at 355–63; Kipke, 695 F. Supp. 3d at 654–55; Md. Shall Issue, 680 F.
			Supp. 3d at 585–88. Contra Koons v. Platkin, 673 F. Supp. 3d 515, 639–42 (D.N.J. 2023), appeal filed, No. 23-2043 (3d Cir. June 9, 2023); Springer v. Grisham, No. 1:23-cv-00781 KWR/LF, 2023 WL 8436312, at 5–8 (D.N.M. Dec. 5, 2023), appeals filed, No. 23-2192 (10th Cir. Dec. 11, 2023) and No. 23-2194 (10th Cir. Dec. 15, 2023).

	===Parks and Rec property and Fish and Wildlife property but enjoined===		===Parks and Rec property and Fish and Wildlife property but enjoined===